The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a vast network of interconnected physical objects, devices, and systems that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies enabling them to collect, exchange, and process data over the internet. These objects can be everyday items such as household appliances, wearable devices, industrial machinery, vehicles, and even smart city infrastructure. The central idea behind IoT is to create a seamless integration between the physical and digital worlds, enabling devices to communicate with each other, gather and analyze data, and take autonomous actions to improve efficiency, convenience, and decision-making processes.